https://pdst.ie/sites/default/files/The%20Jarrow%20March%20booklet%201-10-14.pdf
Thursday, 16 May 2024
Friday, 3 May 2024
Apprentice boys
Past questions:
2018 -How did two of the following provoke controversy: the Apprentice Boys of Derry; the career of Bernadette Devlin; Margaret Thatcher and Northern Ireland?
2017- From your study of culture and religion in Northern Ireland, 1949‐1993, what did you learn about one or more of the following: the Apprentice Boys of Derry; ecumenism; cultural responses to the “Troubles”?
2016- Why did controversy arise from the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry or the siting of a new university at Coleraine?
2013- What was the significance for Northern Ireland of one or more of the following: religious affiliation and cultural identity; the Apprentice Boys of Derry; Seamus Heaney?
2012 - What was the significance of the Coleraine University controversy and/or the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry? (100)
2011
Doc:What was the significance of the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry for both Unionists and Nationalists in Northern Ireland?
2009- To what extent were the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry and/or the choice of Coleraine as the site of Northern Ireland’s second university divisive? (
2006- What was the contribution of the Apprentice Boys of Derry to the celebration of religious and cultural identity among that city’s unionist minority? (100)
NI past exam questions
https://mrfitzgeraldshistory.files.wordpress.com/2017/05/past-essay-qs-northern-ireland.pdf
2023
Doc: Why did the Sunningdale Agreement and the power-sharing executive, 1973-1974, prove so divisive?
2022
Doc: How did the Coleraine controversy and other issues contribute to tension in Derry in the mid‐to‐late 1960s?
2021
1. What were key social and economic developments, 1949-1969?
2. Would you agree that Terence O’Neill was a failure as a political leader? Argue your case.
3. What was the Sunningdale Agreement and why did the power-sharing executive, 1973-1974, collapse?
4. Divided societies are sometimes culturally productive. How true is this of Northern Ireland, 1949-1993?
2020
1. During the period 1949-1969, how effectively did Northern Irish governments respond to the social and economic problems they faced?
2. What was the Sunningdale Agreement and why did the power-sharing executive, 1973-1974, collapse?
3. What was the contribution of Ian Paisley to the affairs of Northern Ireland?
4. During your study of Northern Ireland, 1949-1993, what did you learn about Seamus Heaney and/or cultural responses to the “Troubles”?
2019
1. To what extent did Terence O’Neill differ from Lord Brookeborough as leader of Northern Ireland?(100)
2. What was the Coleraine University controversy and in what ways did it contribute to tensions in Northern Ireland?
3. What was the importance of two of the following: the Sunningdale Agreement (1973); the Anglo‐Irish Agreement (1985); the Downing Street Declaration (1993)? (100)
4. From your study of Northern Ireland, 1949‐1993, what did you learn about one or more of the following: religious affiliation and cultural identity; ecumenism; Ian Paisley? (100)
2018
1. During the period 1949‐1969, what was the significance of developments in education, health and housing in Northern Ireland?
2. Would you agree that Terence O’Neill and/or Brian Faulkner failed as a political leader? Argue your case.
3. How did the “Troubles” erupt in 1969 and why did they last so long?
4. How did two of the following provoke controversy: the Apprentice Boys of Derry; the career of Bernadette Devlin; Margaret Thatcher and Northern Ireland?
2017
1. What were the main social and economic problems facing Northern Ireland, 1949‐1969, and how effectively were they tackled? (100)
2. Why did the Civil Rights movement emerge in Northern Ireland and was it successful? (100)
3. What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill and/or Ian Paisley to the affairs of Northern Ireland? (100) 4. From your study of culture and religion in Northern Ireland, 1949‐1993, what did you learn about one or more of the following: the Apprentice Boys of Derry; ecumenism; cultural responses to the “Troubles”? (100)
2016
1. During the period 1949-1969, how successful was the government of Northern Ireland in responding to problems posed by the economy and/or community relations? (100)
2. Why did controversy arise from the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry or the siting of a new university at Coleraine? (100)
3. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Brian Faulkner as a political leader? (100)
4. What was the impact of one or more of the following on Northern Ireland: Bernadette Devlin; John Hume; Seamus Heaney? (100)
2015
1. Would you agree that there was considerable social and economic change in Northern Ireland, 1949-1969, but that nothing changed politically? (100)
2. What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill and/or Ian Paisley to the affairs of Northern Ireland in the period up to 1993? (100)
3. What was the Sunningdale Agreement and why did the power-sharing executive, 1973-1974, collapse?
4. In what ways did the “Troubles” have a social and economic impact and/or give rise to cultural responses?
2014
1. What were the main social and economic changes that took place in Northern Ireland, 1949-1993?
2. Which was more successful, the Sunningdale Agreement (1973) or the Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985)? Argue your case, referring to both. (100)
3. How did the people of Northern Ireland express their religious affiliation and cultural identity, 1949-1993? (100)
4. What was the contribution to Northern Irish affairs of Bernadette Devlin and/or Margaret Thatcher? (100)
2013
1. How was Northern Ireland affected by developments in one or more of the following: education; health; housing?
2. What were Brian Faulkner’s strengths and weaknesses as a political leader? (100)
3. What was the impact of Republican and Loyalist terrorism on Northern Ireland? (100)
4. What was the significance for Northern Ireland of one or more of the following: religious affiliation and cultural identity; the Apprentice Boys of Derry; Seamus Heaney? (100)
2012
1. How effective was the contribution of Terence O’Neill to the affairs of Northern Ireland? 2. What was the significance of the Coleraine University controversy and/or the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry? (100)
3. What political attempts were made to resolve the “Troubles”, 1969-1993? (100)
4. What was the impact of one or more of the following on Northern Ireland up to 1993: Bernadette Devlin; Ian Paisley; Seamus Heaney? (100)
2011
Doc:What was the significance of the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry for both Unionists and Nationalists in Northern Ireland?
2010
Doc:What were the difficulties associated with implementing the Sunningdale Agreement?
2009
1. Who was the more effective leader of Northern Ireland, Brookeborough or O’Neill? Argue your case, referring to both. (100)
2. To what extent were the activities of the Apprentice Boys of Derry and/or the choice of Coleraine as the site of Northern Ireland’s second university divisive? (100)
3. What were the social and economic effects of the “Troubles”? (100)
4. What was the importance of one or more of the following: the Sunningdale Agreement, 1973; the Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985; the Downing Street Declaration, 1993? (100)
2008
1. How successful was the government of Northern Ireland in responding to social and economic problems, 1949-1969? (100)
2. Why was the choice of Coleraine as the site for Northern Ireland’s second university controversial? (100)
3. Why did the Civil Rights movement emerge in Northern Ireland and was it successful? (100)
4. What moves were made towards finding a peaceful resolution of the “Troubles”, 1973-1993? (100)
2007
1. What impact had the introduction of the welfare state to Northern Ireland on one or more of the following: education; health; housing? (100)
2. Account for the fall of Stormont and for the collapse of the power-sharing executive, 1973-1974. (100)
3. What was the importance of each of the following: the Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985; the Downing Street Declaration, 1993? (100)
4. What problems and opportunities did ecumenism present to society in Northern Ireland between 1965 and 1993?
2006
Answer one of the following questions:
1. During the period, 1949 – 1969, what was the impact of the welfare state on one or more of the following: education; health; housing? (100)
2. What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill to the affairs of Northern Ireland during the period, 1949 – 1969?
3. What was the contribution of the Apprentice Boys of Derry to the celebration of religious and cultural identity among that city’s unionist minority? (100)
4. Why was Direct Rule (from London) introduced, 1972, and why did it last so long? (100)
NI: impact of the troubles on economy and society in NI
Past Questions:
2015 -In what ways did the "Troubles" have a social and economic impact and/or give rise to cultural responses?
2014- What were the main social and economic changes that topic place in NI, 1949-1993?
2009- What were the social and economic effects of the troubles?
https://www.scoilnet.ie/uploads/resources/36999/36801.pdf
Report on Economic Impact:
https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/proni/1995/proni_DED-22-234_1994-nd.pdf
Thursday, 25 April 2024
Wednesday, 10 April 2024
Monday, 8 April 2024
Show Trials
Wednesday, 28 February 2024
Thursday, 18 January 2024
Wednesday, 10 January 2024
How did successive Irish governments deal with the Social and Economic problems, 1921-1945?
Microsoft Word - irish history essay 3.docx (windows.net)
PLAN:
Intro: CnanG conservation, balance the budget. Focus on agriculture. Social = poor. FF radical move to protectionism and development of industry.
P1. Economic situation. Weak economy. War debts and damage. high emigration. Loss of heavy industry of Belfast. Agriculture main focus and free trade.
P2. Agriculture policy of CnanG
P3. Shannon Scheme
P4. industry under CnanG
P5. Social policy of CnanG. Poverty. Housing. Emigration. Famine in the west. Cut old age pensions.
P6. Protectionism.
P7. Economic War.
P8. FF Social policy. Housing and + unemployment assistance.
P9. WW2. The emergency. Irish shipping. Rationing. Inflation high. Rationing continues for years after the war due to shortages and costs FF election.
Conclusion
Boom and Bust Essay plan
Intro
P1. War/ savings/ manufacturing power/ Marshall plan/baby boom
P2. Public investment Priming the pump (Employemnt Act, GI bill, Highway Act), Impact, jobs figures, interstate mobility.
P3. Public investment military, MIC see sample (pg384)
P4. Impact on Society, Pepsi Generation, consumer spending, suburbs Levistown but not everyone profit, Michael Harrington book "The Other America" 20% AMerican's living below the poverty line pg 396
P5. Growth of companies, mergers, and US advances (medicine, computers)
P6. Foreign Investment, Globalisation
P7. Decline: Deficit spending (wars, moon, tax cuts)
P8. Oil crisis's
P9. International competition
P10. Efforts to address and impact on society. 1-2 sentences on Nixon, Ford, Carter but 3-4 on Reaganomics, tax cuts and cuts to social programmes, works (raise employment and decline of inflation) but most new jobs are unskilled, low paid and the divide between rich and poor increase).
Conclusion:
Wednesday, 13 December 2023
US Economy notes/plans/sample essays
Boom plan:
Boom sample essay:
Boom and bust sample essay (only 9 paragraphs long):
Decline essay (12 paragraphs, top marks):
Thursday, 30 November 2023
Essay plan: How did the MBB impact on the CRM?/ Significance of the Civil Rights Movement?
Intro: The MBB was huge for the CRM. It provided them with a template for success. It was the event that brought MLK to prominence. The CRM adopted the effective tactics of the MBB and this led to great success.
1. Desegregated the buses in Montgomery
2. Organisation
3. Role of the Church
4. Non-Violent Protest
5. White reaction
6. Media and tv
7. Courts - supreme court, Earl Warren
8. Figurehead, MLK
9. Belief and Pride.
Conclusion
write about each in relation to the MBB and link/make reference to events that follow it. E.g. White reaction after the bus boycott refer to Bermingham or Selma.
Wednesday, 29 November 2023
Sunday, 8 October 2023
Wednesday, 13 September 2023
Why was the 1916 Rising a (military) failure?
Readings:
What if the guns had landed? | Century Ireland (rte.ie)
Weapons of the 1916 Rising | Century Ireland (rte.ie)
Remembering the 1916 Easter Rising - Day 1: Irish rebels rise | The Irish Post
Remembering the 1916 Easter Rising - Day 2 and 3: The British counterattack | The Irish Post
Remembering the 1916 Easter Rising - Day 4, 5 and 6: Rebel hopes dwindle | The Irish Post
Maynooth men:
Essay Plan
Intro:
P1. Lack of popular support. Most supported Home Rule. Detail HR popularity. IRB small secret organisation.
P2. Lack of armaments. Casement, mission to Germany, failure to secure troops or Irish Division.
P3. Lack of soldiers. Details of volunteers split, MacNeill against rising. Forged castle document and cancelation order. numbers involved. confusion and poor communication.
P4. Goes ahead on the Monday. objective: National uprising or Blood Sacrifice. Seized buildings, read out proclamation, people thought it was a play.
P5. failed tactics. seizing buildings can only have one outcome. failure to do reconnaissance, failure to take Dublin castle, the telephone exchange, to take railways or ports. Digging trenches in St Stephen's Green.
P6. British response. where troops came from, numbers. 20,000. outnumbered 10-1. confined to Dublin, few elsewhere, Ashbourne, Co. Meath, Wexford.
P7. Outgunned. Numbers and nature of weapons. Shelling. 4 artillary guns from Athlone and gun boat Helga.
P8. Surrender. detail the final day, civilian casualties. reason for surrender. Unconditional. reaction of the people and why.
P9. A victory of sorts. actions of the British, executions and internment. Dillion. Turned into Martyrs. Blood Sacrifice prophetic.
Conclusion.
Monday, 15 May 2023
Nuremberg Rallies: Geobbels and Leni Riefenstahl
Read the following and plan out your essays on:
https://instituteofeducation.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/HistoryFINAL.pdf
https://www.625points.com/2018/01/history-leaving-cert-goebbels-riefenstahl.html
https://allsaintsacademydunstable.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/15propaganda_and_censorship.pdf
Watch the 2 short videos:
https://classroom.ricksteves.com/videos/nurnberg-the-stage-for-hitler-s-propaganda
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP5emPFFw1M&t=124s
plan essays on:
1. What contribution did Joseph Goebbels make to Nazi propaganda?
2. What contribution did Leni Riefenstahl make to Nazi propaganda?
Additional reading: For the work above the biographical pages on Geobbels and Riefenstahl will be useful:
Monday, 8 May 2023
Nuremberg Rallies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oIf341owrA&t=408s
The Nuremberg Rallies
Intro: Mass Rallies were an integral part of Nazi organization and propaganda. The most important was the annual party rally in Nuremberg each August or September. Early Rallies were held in Munich (1923) and Weimar (1926). The 1927 rally was held in Nuremberg and after the Nazis took power in 1933 Hitler made Nuremberg the permanent location of the party rallies. He choice the medieval city of Nuremberg because of its links with German History – it was regarded as the unofficial capital of the Holy Roman Empire and some imperial Diets were held there. Hitler said it was “the most German of German cities”. There were also practical reasons, it was centrally located with significant accommodation and it had seven railway lines converging there. Nuremberg was also a strong Nazi base – Julius Streicher, who controlled the local organization, he made Nuremberg the “holy city” of the Nazi movement. The rallies served the purpose of making party members feel valued, enticing new followers to the cause due to the special and organization of the event, to glorify Hitler and promote his cult of personality, celebrate Nazi achievements, and launching new party policies and campaigns.
P1: expansion and architecture
Following the Nazis coming to power in 1933 Hitler declared Nuremberg the “city of the Nazi Party rallies” and all the resources of the state were used to expand the annual Nazi celebration. At the 1933 Rally, Albert Speer, a young architect, became involved in the organization of the rally. He constructed a huge wooden framed eagle behind the podium. In 1934 Hitler asked him to draw up an overall plan for the Nazi grounds, which were 11 km in extent. The area had large open spaces such as the Zeppelin Field (could accommodate 100,000 spectators), the Luitpold Arena (could accommodate 150,000 spectators) and the March Field. The plans also included large buildings such as the congress hall (based on ancient roman architecture). These were linked by the Great Road, 2 km long and 60 metres wide. Construction on the site wasn’t finished before war broke out in 1939. Hitler and Speer wanted to create buildings that would last 1000 years. They wanted to match the great buildings of past civilizations such as those of Ancient Greece and Rome. Hitler believed in Speer’s theory of ‘ruin value’ = that ancient ruins provide proof of the greatness of previous civilizations. Speer = “Our architectural works should also speak to the conscience of a future Germany centuries from now”.
P2: themes of the rallies
Each Rally had a different theme, usually celebrating Nazi achievements or launching Nazi policies. 1933 Rally of Victory. Lenifenstahl filmed Victory of Faith at the rally. Ernest Rohm featured in it so most copies destroyed.
1934 the Nazis emphasised the oneness of Germany in the Rally of Unity and Strength. Triumph of the Will was filmed.
1935 Rally of Freedom celebrated breaking the Treaty of Versailles with the introduction of conscription
1936 celebrated the remilitarisation of the Rhineland in the Rally of Honour
1937 Rally of Labour celebrated reduction in unemployment
1938 Rally of Greater Germany celebrated Anschluss. Hitler insisted on the return of the Imperial Regalia of the old Holy Roman Empire from Vienna to Nuremberg. Hitler also used the occasion to put pressure on Czechoslovakia, Britain and France over the Sudetenland.
1939 Rally of Peace cancelled.
Rally used to push Nazi agenda, criticise the Weimar republic or blame Jews and Bolsheviks for Germany’s problems. Campaigns: At the 1935 Rally the Nuremberg laws against the Jews were passed at a special meeting of the Reichstag that was held there. 1936 launched the 4 year plan for economic self-sufficiency and an anti-Bolshevik crusade.
P 3: Propaganda
The rally’s were a propaganda event designed to win over the crowds with their grandeur and spectacle. As well as the size of the of the venues, some rallys had over 500,000 attendees, there were spectacles such as the cathedral of light with 130 giant searchlights pointed to the sky around the Zeppelin Field at night or the consecration of the flags ceremony in which Hitler used the Blood flag (the flag sanctified by the blood of those who lost thir lives in the Munich Punsch in 1923) or banner as a symbol of sacrifice and loyalty to the party and touched the new flags with it. 3 biggest flags of all time. Each part of the Nazi organisation presented themselves before Hitler over the 6 or 7 days of the rally - Hitler Youth, the German Women’s League, the Reich Labour Front, the SA and the SS and the Wehrmacht (armed forces). The Rallies served to promote Hitler’s cult of personality. At the beginning of Triumph of the Will Hitler descends in a plane from the clouds like a modern day saviour of his people. Hitler features prominently in the film and at its conclusion he is praised by Hess who says: “the party is Hitler! Hitler is Germany - just as Germany is Hitler! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!” To resounding cheers. On each day Hitler’s speech was the highlight of the occasion. “Every word dropped by Hitler seemed like an inspired word from on high. Man’s = or at least the German’s - critical faculty is swept away at such moments, and every lie pronounced is accepted as high truth itself” American journalist William Shirer.
P4: Riefenstahl and triumph of the will
In 1934 Hitler commissioned Leni Riefenstahl to film the Nuremberg Rally. Preparations for the rally were linked with preparations for the filming. Nuremberg became a giant stage with flags, banners, marches and torches. Riefenstahl used 30 cameramen and over 100 technicians. She also used planes, cranes, roller skates and tracking rails to shoot the documentary. In all 61 hours of footage was reduced to a 2 hour documentary called “Triumph of the Will”. At the premiere she was greeted coolly by party officials but even Goebbels, her greatest critic, realised it was an outstanding achievement and, in its way, far more effective propaganda for the Fuhrer and National Socialism than any other film yet made” (J Toland). Often regarded as a masterpiece of film propaganda, it was banned for over 50 years. Won awards. Brought the rallies to those who couldn’t attend.
conclusion
Recap the NB purposes and effects of the rallies.
Nuremberg had become a key symbol of the Nazis. This, along with its role as a centre of war production, led to massive Allied bombing which flattened much of the city. After the war the US army held a victory parade there and blew up the swastika which was behind the reviewing stand. The trials of the Nazi war criminals were deliberately held in the city.
Thursday, 4 May 2023
Anglo-Irish Relations 1923-49
Read:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/io9o5aqvfftkkhl/Anglo-Irish-Relations1923-32.ppt?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/rcq45yamhs96nlv/Anglo-Irishrelations1922-1949.doc?dl=0
https://www.625points.com/2019/01/cosgrave-de-valera-anglo-irish-relations-leaving-cert-history.html
https://www.thinkswap.com/ie/leaving-cert/history/higher-level/anglo-irish-relations-under-de-valera
* http://www.gillbooks.ie/AcuCustom/Sitename/DAM/078/MI3_SE_02.pdf
Irish Governments Economic policies 1923-45
https://www.dropbox.com/s/85inqwdjpv35jz8/CumannnanGaedhael1922-1932.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/eglhaq02k54ltzo/CumannnanGaedheal.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/8ku7yrwaujzdvr2/Economicpolicies.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/kwohq8ydgxu9zvr/TheeconomicpoliciesofIrishgovernment.doc?dl=0
Essay plan:
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