Dictatorship and democracy Exam Questions

2020

1. Which had the greater social and economic problems during the inter-war period,  Britain or Germany? Argue your case, referring to both. (100)

2. What were the main characteristics of Stalin’s rule in Russia? (100)

3. During the period 1920-1945, how did anti-Semitism and the Holocaust  affect Europe? (100)

4. From your study of World War II, what did you learn about two of the following:

 wartime alliances; the Home Front; Vichy France?

2019

1. During the inter‐war years, what were the characteristics of fascist regimes in Europe?

2. During the period 1920‐1939, what social and economic problems faced Britain and how effectively were they tackled?               (100)

3. What did you learn about Stalin’s leadership from his handling of one or more of the

following: the Soviet economy; the show trials; wartime alliances, 1939‐1945? (100)

4. How did developments in technology affect warfare during World War II?  

2018

1. How did Hitler and the Nazi party secure absolute control over Germany in the period 1920‐1938?    

2. What problems faced France in the years 1920‐1945, and to what extent were these problems overcome?            

3. How effective a leader was Winston Churchill or Josef Stalin during World War II?(100)

4. What was the contribution to cinema of one or more of the following: Charlie Chaplin; Leni Riefenstahl; Bing Crosby?

2017

Document question

2016

Document question

2015

1. What were the social and economic problems facing Germany, 1920-1939, and how were they dealt with?

2. How did Mussolini and/or Stalin use propaganda and terror to remain in power?

3.To what extent did Hitler’s foreign policy, 1933-1939, contribute to the outbreak of World War II?

4. What were the economic and social problems of Britain during the inter-war years and/or what was the impact of World War II on its civilian population?

2014

1. How did the Jarrow March (1936) illustrate the social and economic problems facing Britain during the inter-war period?

2. How did church-state relations develop under Mussolini and Hitler?

3. What were the fortunes of France during the period 1920-1945?

4. What challenges faced the Soviet Union in peace and war, 1924-1945?

2013

1. What were the characteristics of fascist regimes in Europe in the inter-war period?

2. How did Stalin transform the Soviet economy and/or use show trials to consolidate his power?

3. What were the challenges facing Britain in peace and war, 1920-1945?

4. What did you learn about radio and cinema, 1920-1945, from your study of one or more of the following: Charlie Chaplin; Leni Riefenstahl; Bing Crosby?

2012

1. What were the main challenges facing France, 1920-1945?

2. What were the main characteristics of Stalin’s rule in Russia?

3. To what extent was Hitler’s foreign policy, 1933-1939, responsible for the outbreak of World War II?

4. How did anti-Semitism and the Holocaust affect Europe, 1920-1945?

2011

1. To what extent did Lenin and/or Stalin bring about social and economic change?

2. How effective were the internal and external policies of Benito Mussolini?

3. What were the main characteristics of the Nazi state in Germany, 1933-1939?

4. What did one or more of the following achieve in Britain during the period 1920-1945: J.M. Keynes; those who took part in the Jarrow March, October 1936; Winston Churchill?

2010 

1. How successfully did German governments deal with the social and economic problems of the period 1920-1939?

2. How effective were the internaland external policies of Josef Stalin?

3. What were the main developments in church-state relations under Hitler and Mussolini?

4. What was the impact of Anglo-American popular culture on Europe, 1920-1945?

2009

1. Why was France unstable during the period, 1920-1940?

2. How did dictators use propaganda and/or terror to maintain their power?

3. What were the main social and economic challenges facing Britain, 1920-1945?

4. What did you learn about World War II from your study of one or more of the following: wartime alliances; collaboration/resistance; technology of warfare?

2008

1. What did Lenin and Stalin contribute to communism in Russia?

2. Which had the greater social and economic problems during the inter-war years, Britain or Germany? Argue your case, referring to both countries.

3.What contribution did Joseph Goebbels and/or Leni Riefenstahl make to Nazi propaganda?

4. What was the impact of World War II on the civilian population of Britain and/or France?

2007

1. What problems did the Third Republic of France encounter between 1920 and 1940?

2. What were the main characteristics of the Nazi state in Germany between 1933 and 1939?

3. What were the causes and the consequences of the Jarrow March, October, 1936?

4. How significant was the role played by the Soviet Union in World War II?

2006

1. During the inter-war period, what conditions in Europe contributed to the growth of fascist regimes?

2. To what extent did Stalin transform the society and economy of the Soviet Union?

3. How successfully did Britain deal with the social and economic problems of the inter-war period?

4. What developments took place in the technology of warfare during the period, 1920-1945?

Sov & Partition Essays completed

 all essays done to date:

1.During the period 1922‐1945, how effective were the governments of both Cosgrave and de Valera in dealing with threats to the security of the state?

2.How well did Irish governments cope with the social and economic problems they faced, 1923-1945?

3.How did Anglo-Irish relations develop under Éamon de Valera, 1932-1945?

4.How did Anglo‐Irish relations develop during the period 1923‐1949?

And a detailed plan for: Who handled Anglo-Irish relations better, W. T. Cosgrave or Éamon de Valera? Argue your case, referring to both.

And a plan for: During the period 1922‐1939, who achieved more in Anglo‐Irish relations, Cosgrave or de Valera?Argue your case,referring to both.

5.What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932?

6.During the period 1922‐1949, how did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the state’s language and education policies contribute to Irish identity?

7.How did the Irish government contribute to the consolidation of democracy, 1922-1932?

8.Between 1922 and 1932, what steps did the Cosgrave governments take to establish the Irish Free State on firm foundations?

9.Why were both the negotiations and the terms of the Anglo‐Irish Treaty, 1921,controversial?

10.What were the fortunes of the Sinn Féin movement during the period 1912‐1923?

11. During the period 1912‐1920, which factors contributed most to the partition of Ireland?

12. During the period 1932-1945, which did Éamon de Valera manage better, the economy or Anglo-Irish relations? Argue your case, referring to both.

13. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Éamon de Valera as a political leader? (100)

14. What was the impact of World War II on Ireland, North and South?

Updated Sov & Partition questions

 Updated Sov & Partition questions

Ireland: Topic 3 The pursuit of sovereignty and the impact of partition, 1912-1949 

Answer one of the following questions:

2020

1. During the period 1912-1921, what attempts were made to obtain self-government for Ireland, and to what extent were they successful? (100) 

2. During the period 1923-1945, how effectively did Irish governments tackle the social and economic problems they faced? (100) 

3. What were the successes and failures of Éamon de Valera as a political leader? (100) 

4. What attempts were made to promote cultural identity in Ireland, North and South? Refer to one or more of the following: language; religion; education. 

2019

1. What was the military and political significance of one or more of the following:  

the 1916 Rising; the War of Independence; the Civil War?                   (100)

2. What were the main events of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932, and what was its  significance for church and state?     (100)

3. What was the impact on Northern Ireland of the world economic crisis of the inter‐war period and/or World War II?              (100)

4. How did Anglo‐Irish relations develop during the period 1923‐1949?

2018

1. How did the Sinn Féin movement develop during the period 1912‐1923?               (100)

2. Why were both the negotiations and the terms of the Anglo‐Irish Treaty, 1921,controversial?     (100)

3. During the period 1922‐1945, how effective were the governments of both Cosgrave and de Valera in dealing with threats to the security of the state?    (100)

4. During the period 1922‐1949, how successful were attempts to make independent Ireland a Gaelic and Catholic society?

2017

1. During the period 1912‐1920, which factors contributed most to the partition of Ireland? (100)

2. During the period 1922‐1939, who achieved more in Anglo‐Irish relations, Cosgrave or de Valera?Argue your case,referring to both.         (100)

3. During the period 1922‐1949, how did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the state’s language and education policies contribute to Irish identity? (100)

4. What was the impact of World War II on Ireland, North and South?

2016

1. What were the main events in Dublin during the 1916 Rising, and was Ireland, in Yeats’phrase, ‘changed utterly’ as a result? (100)

2. Why did the conduct and outcome of the Treaty negotiations, October-December, 1921, prove contentious? (100)

3. During the period 1912-1940, what were the strengths and weaknesses of James Craig

as a political leader? (100)4. How well did Irish governments cope with the social and economic problems they faced, 1923-1945? (100)

2013

1. What were the fortunes of the Sinn Féin movement during the period 1912-1922? (100)

2. During the period 1922-1939, how successful were Irish governments in responding to the economic challenges they faced? (100)

3. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop under Éamon de Valera, 1932-1945? 4. What was the impact of World War II on Ireland, North and South? (100)

2012

1. How did the threat and use of physical force affect Ireland during the period 1912-1923? (100)

2. How did the government of Northern Ireland deal with economic problems and/or threats to security, 1920-1945? (100)

3. What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932? (100)

4. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop during the period 1923-1949? (100)

2011

1. What did one or more of the following contribute to Irish affairs: Patrick Pearse; Arthur Griffith; Countess Markievicz?

2. How did the Irish government contribute to the consolidation of democracy, 1922-1932?

3. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Éamon de Valera as a political leader? (100)

4. What was the impact on Northern Ireland of international developments during the period 1932-1945?

2010

1. During the period 1912-1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland?

2. Who handled Anglo-Irish relations better, W. T. Cosgrave or Éamon de Valera? Argue your case, referring to both.

3. To what extent did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the language and education policies of Irish governments promote Irish cultural identity?

4. How did the Unionist Party in power respond to the challenges posed by the existence of a substantial nationalist minority within Northern Ireland?

2009

1. Why were the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations controversial?

2. What were the main social and economic challenges facing Northern Ireland, 1920-1945?

3. During the period 1932-1945, which did Éamon de Valera manage better, the economy or Anglo-Irish relations? Argue your case, referring to both.

4. What attempts were made to promote cultural identity, North and South, during the period, 1912-1945?

2008

1. To what extent was the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1921, responsible for the Irish Civil War?

2. What steps did Irish governments take to consolidate democracy, 1923-1945?

3. What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932, for the Irish Free State?

4. How well did the Unionist Party manage the affairs of Northern Ireland, 1920-1939?

2007

1. What were the aims and achievements of Patrick Pearse?

2. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop during the period 1923 – 1949?

3. How was cultural identity promoted in Ireland, North and South, between 1920 and 1949?

4. Following the experience of war, to what extent was the Belfast of 1945 different from that of 1939?

2006

1. From 1912 onwards, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland, 1920?

2. Between 1922 and 1932, what steps did the Cosgrave governments take to establish the Irish Free State on firm foundations?

3. How well did Ireland, North and/or South, deal with the social and economic problems presented by World War II?

4. To what extent were language, religion and education used to promote Irish cultural identity during the period, 1920 – 1949?

efforts to resolve the troubles sample essay

 

https://www.dropbox.com/s/8b4od1reovx4gen/What%20moves%20were%20made%20towards%20finding%20a%20peaceful%20resolution%20to%20the%20troubles.docx?dl=0

https://www.dropbox.com/s/zqbyi085ktg3p7r/what-was-the-important-of-sunningdale-anglo-irish-agreement-and-downing-st-declaration.doc?dl=0

https://www.toothillschool.co.uk/data/files/dept/hist/y10coursework/q3booklet.pdf

Significance of Sunningdale plan

 

What was the significance of the Sunningdale Agreement 1973

Intro: After fall of Stormont and direct Rule British government faced 2 challenges, end violence and restore Stormont government. SUNNINGDALE AGREEMENT was key to this and although it failed its elements of powersharing, irish dimension and consent were central to all future efforts to restore the NI assembly.

P1. Whitelaw, restore law and order. IRA bloody Friday. Operation Motorman end no go areas of nationalists and loyalists. Irish and British govs onboard.

P2. Round table talks. SDLP separate talks with UK and Irish govs, irish dimension recognized. Border poll to reassure unionists.

P3. Whitelaws proposals. Details. PR, assembly, power sharing. Council of Ireland.

P4. Reactions to proposals and election results June 1973, unionist divisions.

P5. significant agreement was to be made in November 1973 when details:  Faulkner Unionists, the Alliance party and the SDLP agreed to form a power -sharing executive. 6 unionists, 4 SDLP and 1 alliance member made up the new executive with Brian Faulkner as the leader and Gerry Fitt as his deputy. Talks began at Sunningdale in England with the British PM Edward Heath and Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave in attendence, an historic first. On 9th December the Sunningdale Agreement was signed. Its significance now unity could now only be achieved by consent. The Irish Government fully accepted that there could be no change in the status of NI until a majority of people of NI desired a change

P6 Council of Ireland, contributed to failure, significant, could learn from this. Conor cruise o’Brien. Faulkner Necessary nonsense.

P7 1^st January 1974 the new power-sharing gov began to function. UUC vote against it by 80 votes, Faulkner resigns from party but remains on as head of assembly. general election on 28 February 1974 UUUC win 11 of 12 westminister seats, “Dublin just a Sunningdale away” mistake to go ahead without majority of unionists.

P8: 1974 election Heath’s Conservative Gov lost power and was replaced by the Labour party with Merlyn Rees as Secretary of State. This led to instability at a very delicate time in proceedings. Unionist leaders did not believe this and so entered talks with the UVF and UDA. Rees failed to foresee this and address paramilitary involvement.

P9 Strike, Ulster Workers Council was formed. Strike began on the 14thMay 1974 when loyalist workers took control of electricity and oil supplies. Intimidation used, roadblocks used. Paramilitaries. Members of the executive and many nationalists Quote one, blamed Rees and the British authorities for failing to use the army/police to take action against the strikers before it was too late. Dublin Monaghan bombings, explain significance. Violence in the south due to Irish gov involvement.

P10 Harold Wilson’s Gov failed to take decisive action. Wilson’s ‘spongers’ speech. Brian Faulkner and his ministers resigned. This ended the power-sharing agreement and was replaced by Direct rule from London. Nationalists were outraged at the decision while Loyalists rejoiced. Nationalists were shocked at the failure of the British Gov to confront the strikers and looked on with disbelief at the weak response of Merlyn Rees.

Conclusion: Although the Sunningdale Agreement ultimately ended in failure it was a significant event to bring both communities of NI together. For the first time power-sharing was to be used and it was to be central component to future efforts at a peaceful resolution to the troubles. The ‘irish dimension’ was recognised by the British gov, with the agreement being signed by both the British and Irish govs. Despite its failure significant aspects of the agreement such as consent and power-sharing remained central to the quest for peace in NI. So much so that the eventual peaceful resolution to the troubles, the Good Fridayagreement, encapsulated both of these ideas and was referred to by nationalist SeamusMallon as “Sunningdale for slow learners”