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Thursday 13 December 2018


Dictatorship & Democracy Questions on Britain
2015. What were the economic and social problems of Britain during the inter-war years and/or what was the impact of World War II on its civilian population?
2014. How did the Jarrow March (1936) illustrate the social and economic problems facing Britain during the inter-war period?
2013. What were the challenges facing Britain in peace and war, 1920-1945?
2012. none
2011. What did one or more of the following achieve in Britain during the period 1920-1945: J.M. Keynes; those who took part in the Jarrow March, October 1936; Winston Churchill?
2010. none
2009. What were the main social and economic challenges facing Britain, 1920-1945?
2008. Which had the greater social and economic problems during the inter-war years, Britain or Germany? Argue your case, referring to both countries.
2007. What were the causes and the consequences of the Jarrow March, October, 1936?
2006. How successfully did Britain deal with the social and economic problems of the inter-war period?

Wednesday 28 November 2018

Nuremberg sample Essay


The Nuremberg Rallies

Intro: Mass Rallies were an integral part of Nazi organization and propaganda. The most important was the annual party rally in Nuremberg each August or September. Early Rallies were held in Munich (1923) and Weimar (1926). The 1927 rally was held in Nuremberg and after the Nazis took power in 1933 Hitler made Nuremberg the permanent location of the party rallies. He choice the medieval city of Nuremberg because of its links with German History – it was regarded as the unofficial capital of the Holy Roman Empire and some imperial Diets were held there. Hitler said it was “the most German of German cities”. There were also practical reasons, it was centrally located with significant accommodation and it had seven railway lines converging there. Nuremberg was also a strong Nazi base – Julius Streicher, who controlled the local organization, he made Nuremberg the “holy city” of the Nazi movement. The rallies served the purpose of making party members feel valued, enticing new followers to the cause due to the special and organization of the event, to glorify Hitler and promote his cult of personality, celebrate Nazi achievements, and launching new party policies and campaigns.
P1: expansion and architecture
Following the Nazis coming to power in 1933 Hitler declared Nuremberg the “city of the Nazi Party rallies” and all the resources of the state were used to expand the annual Nazi celebration. At the 1933 Rally, Albert Speer, a young architect, became involved in the organization of the rally. He constructed a huge wooden framed eagle behind the podium. In 1934 Hitler asked him to draw up an overall plan for the Nazi grounds, which were 11 km in extent. The area had large open spaces such as the Zeppelin Field (could accommodate 100,000 spectators), the Luitpold Arena (could accommodate 150,000 spectators) and the March Field. The plans also included large buildings such as the congress hall (based on ancient roman architecture). These were linked by the Great Road, 2 km long and 60 metres wide. Construction on the site wasn’t finished before war broke out in 1939. Hitler and Speer wanted to create buildings that would last 1000 years. They wanted to match the great buildings of past civilizations such as those of Ancient Greece and Rome. Hitler believed in Speer’s theory of ‘ruin value’ = that ancient ruins provide proof of the greatness of previous civilizations. Speer = “Our architectural works should also speak to the conscience of a future Germany centuries from now”.
P2: themes of the rallies
Each Rally had a different theme, usually celebrating Nazi achievements or launching Nazi policies. 1933 Rally of Victory. Lenifenstahl filmed Victory of Faith at the rally. Ernest Rohm featured in it so most copies destroyed.
1934 the Nazis emphasised the oneness of Germany in the Rally of Unity and Strength. Triumph of the Will was filmed.
1935 Rally of Freedom celebrated breaking the Treaty of Versailles with the introduction of conscription
1936 celebrated the remilitarisation of the Rhineland in the Rally of Honour
1937 Rally of Labour celebrated reduction in unemployment
1938 Rally of Greater Germany celebrated Anschluss. Hitler insisted on the return of the Imperial Regalia of the old Holy Roman Empire from Vienna to Nuremberg. Hitler also used the occasion to put pressure on Czechoslovakia, Britain and France over the Sudetenland. 
1939 Rally of Peace cancelled.
Rally used to push Nazi agenda, criticise the Weimar republic or blame Jews and Bolsheviks for Germany’s problems. Campaigns: At the 1935 Rally the Nuremberg laws against the Jews were passed at a special meeting of the Reichstag that was held there.  1936 launched the 4 year plan for economic self-sufficiency and an anti-Bolshevik crusade.

P 3: Propaganda
The rally’s were a propaganda event designed to win over the crowds with their grandeur and spectacle. As well as the size of the of the venues, some rallys had over 500,000 attendees, there were spectacles such as the cathedral of light with 130 giant searchlights pointed to the sky around the Zeppelin Field at night or the consecration of the flags ceremony in which Hitler used the Blood flag (the flag sanctified by the blood of those who lost thir lives in the Munich Punsch in 1923) or banner as a symbol of sacrifice and loyalty to the party and touched the new flags with it. 3 biggest flags of all time.  Each part of the Nazi organisation presented themselves before Hitler over the 6 or 7 days of the rally - Hitler Youth, the German Women’s League, the Reich Labour Front, the SA and the SS and the Wehrmacht (armed forces). The  Rallies served to promote Hitler’s cult of personality. At the beginning of  Triumph of the Will Hitler descends in a plane from the clouds like a modern day saviour of his people. Hitler features prominently in the film and at its conclusion he is praised by Hess who says: “the party is Hitler! Hitler is Germany - just as Germany is Hitler! Sieg Heil!  Sieg Heil! Sieg Heil!” To resounding cheers. On each day Hitler’s speech was the highlight of the occasion. “Every word dropped by Hitler seemed like an inspired word from on high. Man’s = or at least the German’s - critical faculty is swept away at such moments, and every lie pronounced is accepted as high truth itself” American journalist William Shirer.

P4: Riefenstahl and triumph of the will
In 1934 Hitler commissioned Leni Riefenstahl to film the Nuremberg Rally. Preparations for the rally were linked with preparations for the filming. Nuremberg became a giant stage with flags, banners, marches and torches. Riefenstahl used 30 cameramen and over 100 technicians. She also used planes, cranes, roller skates and tracking rails to shoot the documentary. In all 61 hours of footage was reduced to a 2 hour documentary called “Triumph of the Will”. At the premiere she was greeted coolly by party officials but even Goebbels, her greatest critic, realised it was an outstanding achievement and, in its way, far more effective propaganda for the Fuhrer and National Socialism than any other film yet made” (J Toland). Often regarded as a masterpiece of film propaganda, it was banned for over 50 years. Won awards. Brought the rallies to those who couldn’t attend.

conclusion
Recap the NB purposes and effects of the rallies.
Nuremberg had become a key symbol of the Nazis. This, along with its role as a centre of war production, led to massive Allied bombing which flattened much of the city. After the war the US army held a victory parade there and blew up the swastika which was behind the reviewing stand. The trials of the Nazi war criminals were deliberately held in the city.

Tuesday 13 November 2018

Dictatorship and Democracy questions


1. How did Stalin and/or Mussolini use propaganda or terror to remain in power?
2. What  challenges  faced  the  Soviet  Union  in  peace  and  war,  1924-1945?
3.How  did  Stalin  transform  the  Soviet  economy  and/or  use  show  trials  to  consolidate  his  power?
4. What were the main characteristics of Stalin’s rule in Russia?  
5. To  what  extent  did  Lenin  and/or  Stalin  bring  about  social  and  economic  change?  
6. How  effective  were  the  internal  and  external  policies  of  Josef  Stalin?
7. How  did  dictators  use  propaganda  and/or  terror  to  maintain  their  power?
8. To  what  extent  did  Stalin  transform  the  society  and  economy  of  the  Soviet  Union? 
9. How effective were the internal and external policies of Benito Mussolini?
10.  What  were  the  social  and  economic  problems  facing  Germany,  1920-1939,  and  how  were  they dealt  with? 
11.To  what  extent  did  Hitler’s foreign  policy,  1933-1939,  contribute  to  the  outbreak  of  World War 2?
12. How did church-state relations develop under Mussolini and Hitler?
13.  What  were  the  characteristics  of  fascist  regimes  in  Europe  in  the  inter-war  period? 14. What  were  the  main  characteristics  of  the  Nazi  state  in  Germany, 1933-1939?
15.  How  did  dictators  use  propaganda  and/or  terror  to  maintain  their  power? 
16. What  contribution  did  Joseph  Goebbels  and/or  Leni  Riefenstahl  make  to  Nazi  propaganda? 
17. During  the  inter-war  period,  what  conditions  in  Europe  contributed  to  the  growth  of  fascist  regimes?


=main characteristics of Stalin’s rule in Russia
=extent  did  Lenin  and/or  Stalin  bring  about  social  and  economic  change
=propaganda or terror
=Soviet  economy  and/or  use  show  trials  
=challenges  faced  the  Soviet  Union  in  peace  and  war/ effective  were  the  internal  and  external  policies  of  Josef  Stalin

= How effective were the internal and external policies of Benito Mussolini?
Propaganda and terror
Church state relations
Conditions that led to the rise of fascism

social  and  economic  problems  facing  Germany,  1920-1939
Hitler’s foreign  policy,  1933-1939
characteristics  of  fascist  regimes? /What  were  the  main  characteristics  of  the  Nazi  state 

Sunday 23 September 2018

sample essays


https://www.sites.google.com/site/stconlethshistory/sample-essays

USSR Stalin Exam questions

2018. How effective a leader was Winston Churchill or Josef Stalin during World War II?(100)
2015. How  did  Mussolini  and/or  Stalin  use  propaganda  and  terror  to remain  in  power?
2014. What  challenges  faced  the  Soviet  Union  in  peace  and  war,  1924-1945?
2013. How  did  Stalin  transform  the  Soviet  economy  and/or  use  show  trials  to  consolidate  his  power?
2012. What  were  the  main  characteristics  of  Stalin’s  rule  in  Russia?  
2011. To  what  extent  did  Lenin  and/or  Stalin  bring  about  social  and  economic  change?  
2010. How  effective  were  the  internal  and  external  policies  of  Josef  Stalin?
2009. How  did  dictators  use  propaganda  and/or  terror  to  maintain  their  power?
2008. What  did  Lenin  and  Stalin  contribute  to  communism  in  Russia?
2007. How  significant  was  the  role  played  by  the  Soviet  Union in  World  War  II?
2006. To  what  extent  did  Stalin  transform  the  society  and  economy  of  the  Soviet  Union?  

power points of reading

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ikfr4I4Qop3pAPc4mmO_dp1xBIz8DjjB/view?usp=sharing






Show Trial summary

Show Trial summary

Stalin Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy
https://www.oxbridgenotes.com/revision_notes/ib-university-of-cambridge-ib-history-arab-israeli-conflict-sl-and-hl/samples/soviet-foreign-policy

http://mrsgiannosa.weebly.com/uploads/8/2/2/0/8220347/soviet_foreign_policy_1917-41_condren.pdf
https://moorhistory.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/9/9/19995567/corin__fiehn_-_239-269.pdf.pdf
https://moorhistory.weebly.com/topic-9-foreign-policy.html
https://www.slideshare.net/rakochy/stalins-foreign-policy-1924-1939
http://sweetibnotes.blogspot.com/2011/07/stalin-foreign-policy-quick-essay-notes.html

https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/stalins-victory-the-soviet-union-and-world-war-ii/

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1C6Sp6olg5x1YoDLIAea-SDKtFMNb0QQ6/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RV16BcRM-6d7QunhNroT22P84rnBIiv0/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_uiWDI0GnyF9OZK2S8laoaiYAWYYwkdh/view?usp=sharing

Monday 5 March 2018

How successful was the government of Northern Ireland in responding to social and economic problems, 1949-1969?

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1J5fY2-xdkTpjQRUfbM8_UF0EkVjPikkP/view?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wgocgZ456xXJvEPxflKl9YEkLfK6gw2O/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wgocgZ456xXJvEPxflKl9YEkLfK6gw2O/view?usp=sharing

Terence O'Neill

https://www.dropbox.com/s/4c61m859u4u0vhp/What%20were%20the%20achievements%20and%20failures%20of%20Terence.doc?dl=0

2017 What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill and/or Ian Paisley to the affairs of Northern Ireland?
2015 What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill and/or Ian Paisley to the affairs of Northern Ireland in the period up to 1993?
2012 How effective was the contribution of Terence O’Neill to the affairs of Northern Ireland?
2009 Who was the more effective leader of Northern Ireland, Brookeborough or  O’Neill? Argue your case, referring to both.
2006 What was the contribution of Terence O’Neill to the affairs of Northern Ireland  during the period, 1949 – 1969?

2016 During the period 1949-1969, how successful was the government of Northern Ireland in responding to problems posed by the economy and/or community relations? (100)
2015. Would you agree that there was considerable social and economic change in Northern Ireland, 1949-1969, but that nothing changed politically?
2008  How successful was the government of Northern Ireland in responding to social and economic problems, 1949-1969?


http://www.academia.edu/30715550/Why_was_Terence_ONeills_Prime_Ministership_of_Northern_Ireland_during_the_1960s_doomed_to_fail

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aAbpT4vSFTdFROzdr0Zobbz7mk-gg4NQ/view?usp=sharing

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.historyvault.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Chris-RyanWhat-was-the-contribution-of-Terence-ONeill-to-the-Affairs-of-N.-Ireland-1949-1969.doc&gws_rd=cr&dcr=0&ei=YZGdWtiNFsSh0gSPxrHQDg

https://books.google.ie/books?id=desqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT113&lpg=PT113&dq=Terence+O%27Neill+Parliamentary+Secretary+to+the+Ministry+of+Health+and+Local+Government&source=bl&ots=bx9l2LTUvH&sig=NegVHoRTLlGuS5T5tOXRGyQfbJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVuYHa8NXZAhVBlpQKHVtBCT8Q6AEIRTAG#v=onepage&q=Terence%20O'Neill%20Parliamentary%20Secretary%20to%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Health%20and%20Local%20Government&f=false

Monday 29 January 2018

Need to Know US Essays

Europe and the wider world: Topic 6 The United States and the world, 1945-1989
1. During the period 1945-1989, what was the importance for US foreign policy of one or more of the following: Berlin; Korea; Cuba? (100)
1. What part did one or more of the following play in US foreign policy: Korea; Cuba; SALT and Star Wars?

2. Who was the greater president, Truman or Johnson? Argue your case, referring to both in your answer. (100)
4. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Lyndon Johnson as a political leader? (100)
5. How well did President Harry Truman or President Lyndon Johnson handle the challenges he faced? (100)
6. Which president was more successful in his handling of US foreign policy, Harry Truman or Lyndon Johnson? Argue your case, referring to both. (100)
7. What were the successes and failures of the presidency of Lyndon Johnson?

2. During the period 1945-1989, what was the impact on US society of McCarthyism and/or the anti-war movement? (100)

1.What were the strengths and weaknesses of the US economy, 1945-1989?
2. What were the significant developments in the US economy, 1945-1989? (100)
3. To what extent did the US economy experience both success and decline during the period 1945-1989? (100)
4. Why did the United States experience an economic boom, 1945-1968, and what was its impact on society?

3. Why did the US lose the Vietnam War and/or what was the significance of the Moon landing?

4. What was the significance of the moon landing (1969) and/or Star Wars? (100)
4. How did the Americans achieve a successful moon landing in 1969 and what was its importance for the US?

5. Why did the Montgomery bus boycott (1956) take place, how was it carried out, and to what extent was it successful? (100)
6. Why did race relations remain a major issue in the US, 1945-1989? (100)
7. 4. What was the significance of one or more of the following in US history: Hollywood, 1945- 1968; the Montgomery bus boycott; religion in modern American culture?
8. What were the main developments in race relations in the US, 1945-1968? (100)

4. What were the significant developments in US foreign policy, 1973-1989?

Avoid
1. How did Mc Carthyism and/or the anti-war movement affect US foreign policy, 1945-1972?
2. In what ways did the Montgomery bus boycott, 1956, advance the cause of the civil rights movement?
2. Which had the greater impact on the United States: involvement in Korea or
 involvement in Vietnam? Argue your case, referring to both. (100)
4. What was the impact of the Moon Landing on US domestic and foreign affairs?

Can’t do
1. During the period, 1945 – 1989, what was the impact of one or more of the following on
 American society: racial conflict; urban poverty; organised crime?
3. What were the successes and failures of the political career of Ronald Reagan? (100)
3. What contribution did Betty Friedan and/or Norman Mailer make to society in the United States?
What was the American Dream and to what extent was it reflected in life in the US, 1945- 1989?
 4. What did one or more of the following contribute to American culture: Marilyn Monroe; Muhammad Ali; Billy Graham?
9. During the period 1945-1989, what advances were made by the Americans in military, space and information technology? (100)
10. 3. What was the impact on the US economy of one or more of the following: the multinational corporation; the military-industrial complex; international competition from Japan and Europe? 4. What was the contribution of religion and/or the mass media to modern American culture?
11. How did the US Presidency develop from Roosevelt to Reagan?
2. What was the contribution of Martin Luther King to US affairs?