https://www.dropbox.com/s/85inqwdjpv35jz8/CumannnanGaedhael1922-1932.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/eglhaq02k54ltzo/CumannnanGaedheal.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/8ku7yrwaujzdvr2/Economicpolicies.doc?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/kwohq8ydgxu9zvr/TheeconomicpoliciesofIrishgovernment.doc?dl=0
Essay plan:
Ireland: Topic 3 The pursuit of sovereignty and the impact of partition, 1912-1949
Answer one of the following questions:
2022
1. During the period 1912‐1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland? (100)
2. How did the Unionist party in power respond to the challenges it faced, 1920‐1945? (100)
3. What was the impact of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932, on Irish life?
4. During the period 1923‐1945, why did Irish governments find it difficult to achieve economic success?
2021
1. During the period 1912-1921, what attempts were made to obtain self-government for Ireland, and to what extent were they successful? (100)
2. During the period 1923-1945, how effectively did Irish governments tackle the social and economic problems they faced? (100)
3. What were the successes and failures of Éamon de Valera as a political leader? (100)
4. What attempts were made to promote cultural identity in Ireland, North and South? Refer to one or more of the following: language; religion; education.
2019
1. What was the military and political significance of one or more of the following:
the 1916 Rising; the War of Independence; the Civil War? (100)
2. What were the main events of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932, and what was its significance for church and state? (100)
3. What was the impact on Northern Ireland of the world economic crisis of the inter‐war period and/or World War II? (100)
4. How did Anglo‐Irish relations develop during the period 1923‐1949?
2018
1. How did the Sinn Féin movement develop during the period 1912‐1923? (100)
2. Why were both the negotiations and the terms of the Anglo‐Irish Treaty, 1921,controversial? (100)
3. During the period 1922‐1945, how effective were the governments of both Cosgrave and de Valera in dealing with threats to the security of the state? (100)
4. During the period 1922‐1949, how successful were attempts to make independent Ireland a Gaelic and Catholic society?
2017
1. During the period 1912‐1920, which factors contributed most to the partition of Ireland? (100)
2. During the period 1922‐1939, who achieved more in Anglo‐Irish relations, Cosgrave or de Valera?Argue your case,referring to both. (100)
3. During the period 1922‐1949, how did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the state’s language and education policies contribute to Irish identity? (100)
4. What was the impact of World War II on Ireland, North and South?
2016
1. What were the main events in Dublin during the 1916 Rising, and was Ireland, in Yeats’phrase, ‘changed utterly’ as a result? (100)
2. Why did the conduct and outcome of the Treaty negotiations, October-December, 1921, prove contentious? (100)
3. During the period 1912-1940, what were the strengths and weaknesses of James Craig
as a political leader? (100)4. How well did Irish governments cope with the social and economic problems they faced, 1923-1945? (100)
2013
1. What were the fortunes of the Sinn Féin movement during the period 1912-1922? (100)
2. During the period 1922-1939, how successful were Irish governments in responding to the economic challenges they faced? (100)
3. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop under Éamon de Valera, 1932-1945? 4. What was the impact of World War II on Ireland, North and South? (100)
2012
1. How did the threat and use of physical force affect Ireland during the period 1912-1923? (100)
2. How did the government of Northern Ireland deal with economic problems and/or threats to security, 1920-1945? (100)
3. What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932? (100)
4. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop during the period 1923-1949? (100)
2011
1. What did one or more of the following contribute to Irish affairs: Patrick Pearse; Arthur Griffith; Countess Markievicz?
2. How did the Irish government contribute to the consolidation of democracy, 1922-1932?
3. What were the strengths and weaknesses of Éamon de Valera as a political leader? (100)
4. What was the impact on Northern Ireland of international developments during the period 1932-1945?
2010
1. During the period 1912-1920, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland?
2. Who handled Anglo-Irish relations better, W. T. Cosgrave or Éamon de Valera? Argue your case, referring to both.
3. To what extent did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the language and education policies of Irish governments promote Irish cultural identity?
4. How did the Unionist Party in power respond to the challenges posed by the existence of a substantial nationalist minority within Northern Ireland?
2009
1. Why were the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations controversial?
2. What were the main social and economic challenges facing Northern Ireland, 1920-1945?
3. During the period 1932-1945, which did Éamon de Valera manage better, the economy or Anglo-Irish relations? Argue your case, referring to both.
4. What attempts were made to promote cultural identity, North and South, during the period, 1912-1945?
2008
1. To what extent was the Anglo-Irish Treaty, 1921, responsible for the Irish Civil War?
2. What steps did Irish governments take to consolidate democracy, 1923-1945?
3. What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress, 1932, for the Irish Free State?
4. How well did the Unionist Party manage the affairs of Northern Ireland, 1920-1939?
2007
1. What were the aims and achievements of Patrick Pearse?
2. How did Anglo-Irish relations develop during the period 1923 – 1949?
3. How was cultural identity promoted in Ireland, North and South, between 1920 and 1949?
4. Following the experience of war, to what extent was the Belfast of 1945 different from that of 1939?
2006
1. From 1912 onwards, what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland, 1920?
2. Between 1922 and 1932, what steps did the Cosgrave governments take to establish the Irish Free State on firm foundations?
3. How well did Ireland, North and/or South, deal with the social and economic problems presented by World War II?
To what extent were language, religion and education used to promote Irish cultural identity during the period, 19
http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/02/23/the-tailteann-games-1924-1936/#.VlMQVHbhCM-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5FKzyvzNco
plans and notes:
To what extent were language, religion and education used to promote cultural identity 1920-49?
Notes on Language, religion and culture
https://www.dropbox.com/s/j7l89kxishll21u/TheFreeState-languagereligionandcult.doc?dl=0
What attempts were made to promote cultural identity, north and south, during the period,1912-1945
What was the significance of the Eucharistic Congress?
powerpoints
https://www.dropbox.com/s/kadxfgt45qvgr14/31st-Eucharistic-Congress-19321.ppt?dl=0#
https://www.dropbox.com/s/glx3tsl4hapnthx/Eucharistic%20Congress%20Mitchell.ppt?dl=0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKR7olqpL80
notes
https://www.dropbox.com/s/jpd5746zcga8fcb/handout-the-eucharistic-congress-1932.doc?dl=0
sample essays/plans
Intro: the controversial Anglo-Irish Treaty led in large part to a bloody Civil War. To understand the extent to which the Treaty was responsible for the outbreak of war, we must first analyse the atmosphere at the time as well as what made the Treaty so divisive and how these and other issues resulted in the violent fallout.
P1. Not only cause. SF made up of many different groups. Dev and DLG preliminary talks demonstrated that full independence and Ireland outside of the commonwealth/empire was not acceptable, (explain conservative majority in gov) thus some sort of compromise was necessary and this wasn't acceptable to hardliners eg stack and brugha. thus it could be argued that even before the Treaty talks began, Civil War was inevitable because of the complexities of the situation and the attitudes of hardliners.
P2. controversy surrounding the Irish delegation. DeV not going. reasons. reference historians - Ronan Fanning and Tim Pat Coogan. Led to view could have got more. This exacerbated the divisiveness of the Treaty, led to split in cabinet and lack of trust, eg childers DeV's spy.
P3. The instructions and title of the delegation would also lead to increased divisions that contributed to civil war. Penitentiaries but had to report back to dublin. Details of last cabinet meeting in dublin. signing under treat of immediate and terrible war. reaction to signing from DeV, Stack and Brugha. Raised in Dail debates, been duped, could have brought back more.
P4. The terms of the treaty. views of the anti-treaty side, esp. oath, ports. few mentioned the north. unacceptable to hardliners.
P5. The Dáil debates, nasty and personal. impact of Christmas and changes of heart after talking to the people. outcome of the vote.
P6. The actions of Eamon De Valera. split of SF. Speeches, "through rivers of blood".
P7. Divisions amongst the IRA. Army convention. taking over of barracks around the country.
P8. Anti-treaty IRA take over the four courts and other buildings. Failure to address this immediately - explain and comment from book about how swift action may have led to an alternative to civil war.
P9. Efforts at compromise. DeV-Collins pact, explain reason for it. explain new constitution and why Collins broke the pact. How this led to resentment and anger, DeV didn't think people understood what the they voted for. outcome of election.
P10. After election Collins felt he had people's backing to act against anti-treaty. The immediate causes of the civil war. execution of Wilson and capture of JJ O'Connell. British threaten action if prov gov don't.
Conclusion: The blame for the violence does not lie squarely with the Anglo-Irish Treaty, though it was the primary cause. SF was a divided organisation. The actions of Eamon De Valera, the controversies surrounding the Irish delegation as well as divisions among the IRA and the attitude of hardline republicans also played a part.
To what extend was the Anglo-Irish Treaty Successful?
Intro: Accessing the successfulness of the AIT is dependent on one's perspective. Following the agreed Truce on 11th of July 1921, both sides entered into negotiations with very different views on what was an acceptable outcome. For the Irish full independence and a united Irish republic was sought while the British Ireland had to remain within the Empire. While the treaty failed to deliver either a united ireland or an independent republic what it did deliver was significantly more that the Home Rule that was sought by the majority of Irish a few short years before. This essay will examine the extent to which the treaty can be deemed successful.
P1. Success dependant on strength of the delegation. DeV reasons for not going. Who went. (see sample essay with colour.
P2. Success was hampered by the mis-match of experience (see sample essay with colour)
P3. Lack of prep and a plan by Irish. Failure to explain/understand/sell External Assoication
P4. Dominion status. The pro-treaty view (from sample essay with colour)
P5. Partition
P6. The signing and the terms of the treaty. Additional offers, Change of oath details and fiscal autonomy. Why they signed.
P7. Reaction in the Dail. Pro treaty view. success because...
P8. Reaction in the Dail. Anti treaty view. failure because...
P9. Success and failings of the Treaty seen in years that followed. Boundary commission in 1924.
Commonwealth conferences - Balfour declaration and Statues of Westminister
Conclusion: largely a success. reasons.
To what extent was the AIT controversial?
Intro: It was highly controversial. Provide background of truce and negotiations between DeV and DLGeorge. Many aspects of the negotiations and the treaty itself would prove controversial and it ultimately led to a split in SF and the IRA and contributed to the Civil War.
P1. Choice of delegation. DeV not going. reasons.
P2. Powers of the delegates. Mixed messages, title of Plenipotentiaries.
P3. location and difference of experience of both teams of negotiators. Controversy of British negotiating with murders.
P4. Sovereignty/External association. Irish delegation with little detail to plan and no plan B.
P5. Subcommittees/welsh wizard/divide and conquer
P6. Partition. Gov of Ireland Act 1920. Griffith agrees to position within the empire in writing. acceptance of boundary commission as it would deliver, took DLG word for it.
P7. Blackmail. threat of war. signing.
P8. controversial seen as it split SF. cabinet, vote. Terms and pro-treaty arguments
P9. Anti-Treaty arguments. Treaty controversial, esp. oath to British crown, betrayal of republic and those who died for it. 6 women. other egs.
P10. vote. DeV's actions. election - contribution to civil war.
Conclusion. Very. recap main points. add some new info re future - boundary commission not delivering what was expected.
Notes:
https://www.dropbox.com/s/l9hlvstfi41wiht/11%20csov%20and%20par%2011Treaty%20debates%20pdf.pdf?dl=0
https://www.dropbox.com/s/9qpilai9qodrmbd/from_treaty_to.ppt?dl=0
Essays: Successful?
https://www.dropbox.com/s/wdv4beezmrmqadf/How-successful-were-the-Anglo.docx?dl=0
Contribute to Civil War?
Controversial? and civil war:
Main issues?
https://www.dropbox.com/s/gbkjgjzcpmbqifh/treaty%20negotiations%20sample%20essay.pdf?dl=0
Intro: Set up on 1905, by 1910 in decline. incorrect association with rising led to a spike in popularity and a reorganisation to create the 2nd sinn fein party. Republican in nature which set up the First Dail and fought the war of independence. Following this achievement the party was to be divided due to the Anglo-Irish Treaty which resulted in the Civil War. Sinn Fein became the bases of the 2 major political parties in Irish politics.
P1. Association with the Rising.
P2. 2nd Sinn Fein. Ard-Fheis and reorganisation, link with volunteers
P3. Aims: replace HR party as most popular. Convention.
P4.Conscription Crisis, note increase in membership and support.
P5. German plot
P6. 1918 Election. why they won - organised, voting, women, labour, first past the post - results
P7. The first Dail. abstentionism. it's actions.
P8. War. Media. Negotiations. see sample essay.
P9. The treaty, aims, outcomes and the split of the party and civil war.
Conclusion: recap fortunes, small to upturn due to mistakes, rise in popularity culminating in election of 1918. success to get truce and negotiations with British gov, divisions due to treaty.
